Berkala Penelitian Hayati

Extraction, Identification, and In Silico Analysis Bioactive Compound of Streptomyces bungoensis strain 15721 from Euphorbia sp. Rhizosphere as Antibacterial and Antiviral Drugs Candidates

Dian Rachma Wijayanti, Aji Humaedi — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Actinomycetes are a group of bacteria that display an important role in their ability to produce secondary metabolites in the form of bioactive compounds with various chemical structures and biological activities. Thousands of bioactive compounds have been isolated and characterized. These compounds have been developed into medicines for the treatment of various diseases in humans and animals problems. Antibiotic resistance is still a major global health challenge. This involves the transfer of bacteria and genes between humans, animal dan the environment. The next stage after the exploration of antimicrobial potential is the extraction and purification of the components of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the extraction and identification of actinomycetes bioactive compounds is very important especially in the development of new candidates for antibiotics. Streptomyces bungoensis strain 15721 was previously isolated from Euphorbia sp. Rhizosphere. The methodology comprises from the preparation of the isolate, production and extraction of bioactive compound, antibacterial test and GC-MS analysis. Crude extract showed an average of 12 mm inhibition zone against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. There are seven bioactive compounds from Streptomyces bungoensis strain 15721. These compounds were Dibutoxy (Dimethyl) Silane, Naphthalene, Butane, 1,1-Dibutoxy, Heneicosane, 2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl-Hexadecane, Icosane and Nonadecane. Bioactive compounds were then analyzed in silico with molecular docking. In silico studies showed that bioactive compounds have very good antibacterial activity with different binding energies, inhibition constants, and protein-ligand interactions. Three compound 2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl-Hexadecane, Naphtalene, and Butane, 1,1 dibutoxy showed promising antibacterial and antiviral activity. These compounds should be further investigated for future antibacterial and antiviral candidates

Flavonoids and Alkaloids from Murraya paniculata Exhibit Potential as DDI1 Inhibitors in Plasmodium falciparum: A Molecular Docking Analysis

Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains has created an urgent need for new malarial therapeutic targets. The DNA Damage-Inducible Protein 1 (DDI1), which plays a critical role in protein degradation and parasite survival, has been identified as a promising molecular target for antimalarial drug development. Murraya paniculata, a plant rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, has shown antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties, but its interaction with DDI1 remains unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the binding potential, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of M. paniculata phytoconstituents as DDI1 inhibitors using the crystal structure with Protein Data Bank code 2i1a. Methods: Representative alkaloid, flavonoid, and tannin compounds from M. paniculata were retrieved from PubChem, converted to 3D structures, and energy-minimized. The 3D structure of DDI1 (PDB ID: 2i1a) was obtained from the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Molecular docking was performed using Molegro Virtual Docker, while SwissADME and ProTox-II were used to assess pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Results: Alkaloid depicted the strongest binding affinity (-7.2 kcal/mol), forming key hydrogen bonds with Tyr205 and Lys325 at the DDI1 active site, followed by flavonoid (-6.9 kcal/mol) and tannin (-4.2 kcal/mol). Most compounds demonstrated favorable GI absorption and complied with Lipinski’s rule of five. Toxicity predictions indicated low acute toxicity (Class IV, LD50: 1190 mg/kg) with potential hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: M. paniculata alkaloids and flavonoids tannins have promising potential as DDI1 (PDB ID: 2i1a) inhibitors, supporting their development as lead structures for novel antimalarial agents.

Isolation and Characterization of Endosymbiotic Bacteria Producing Biopigments from Dye-Yielding Plants in North Central Timor Regency

Maria Yasinta, Ni Putu Yuni Astriani Dewi — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

The use of biopigments has emerged as an alternative solution to minimize the risks associated with synthetic dyes. Biopigments, also known as natural dyes, can be extracted not only from plants but also from bacteria. Biopigments are biodegradable, making them more environmentally friendly and safe for health. This research is important to conduct because it supports one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely good health and well-being. The use of natural dyes provides a safer and more environmentally friendly solution for health. The research stages included isolation, molecular characterization of 16S rRNA, biochemical activity tests, and extraction and characterization of the types of pigments produced. The research results from 15 pure isolates selected four isolates with the most potential. Based on the results of staining gram and biochemical tests and molecular identification, the endosymbiotic bacterial isolate code HTB1 has a similarity to Pseudomonas putida strain OS-18, isolate code HTB2 has a similarity to Pantoea sp, and isolate code HTD2 has a similarity to Bacillus subtilis strain G-13. Yellow pigment was extracted by the solvent extraction method and characterized by using UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The Maximum absorbance was obtained at 452 nm, justify the presence of carotenoid pigment, and FTIR results reveal the same.

Histopathological blood-brain barrier, and brain cellular profile in preeclampsia rat model treated with andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) seed extract

Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after mid-gestation, which can impair the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and lead to brain tissue damage. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) contains flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may provide neuroprotection against such pathological changes. This study aims to analyze the histopathology of the BBB and the cellular profile of brain tissue in a preeclampsia mouse model treated with different doses of andaliman seed extract. Pregnant rats were allocated into four groups: healthy controls, preeclampsia controls, and preeclampsia models treated with andaliman seed extract at 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) or 200 mg/kg BW. Preeclampsia was induced through high-salt exposure, and brain tissues were processed and evaluated histologically. The preeclampsia control group exhibited severe BBB disruption, including endothelial swelling, perivascular edema, and neuronal disorganization. Treatment with 100 mg/kg BW of andaliman extract resulted in moderate improvement, reducing edema and partially restoring endothelial and neuronal morphology. Conversely, 200 mg/kg BW produced more substantial recovery, characterized by well-preserved vascular boundaries, minimal perivascular spaces, and organized neuronal layers. These findings suggest that andaliman seed extract exerts a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect by maintaining BBB integrity and brain cell architecture in preeclampsia. The 200 mg/kg BW dose demonstrated the most effective outcome, indicating the potential of andaliman as a natural therapeutic agent for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

Ecotourism management strategy of Kampung Blekok, Situbondo in supporting waterbird habitat conservation

Ranti Seta Pratiwi, Sri Palupi, Dini Atikawati — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Kampung Blekok is a mangrove and waterbird conservation area in Situbondo Regency. This area is unique in that it is inhabited by thousands of waterbirds that colonise the mangrove area of Kampung Blekok. Tourism activities have an impact on the comfort of waterbirds in the area. The purpose of this study is to analyse the ecotourism management implemented in Kampung Blekok in supporting the conservation of waterbirds and to develop ecotourism management strategies in Kampung Blekok to maintain a balance between tourism development and waterbird habitats. The research method used is a qualitative narrative method, with a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) approach. The results of the analysis of ecotourism management in Kampung Blekok were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature studies. In narrating the ecotourism management of Kampung Blekok, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was also conducted, involving the community, managers, academics/communities, and the government to absorb the community's aspirations for the future of Kampung Blekok. The results of the study show that the ecotourism management of Kampung Blekok is based on five principles, namely the ecological principle, the community participation principle, the economic principle, the educational principle, and the tourism principle. The management strategy for Kampung Blekok was developed using the SO strategy (Strength–Opportunity), WO strategy (Weakness–Opportunity), ST strategy (Strength–Threat), and WT strategy (Weakness–Threat). It can be concluded that this area has great potential to continue to develop as a conservation-based ecotourism destination.

Assessing Water Quality and Prioritizing Pollution Control Strategies for Brangkal River, Mojokerto City, Using WQI and AHP Approaches

Evi Anggraeni, Anthon Efani, Hartati Kartikaningsih, Wresti L. Anggayasti — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Brangkal River supports domestic, agricultural, and economic activities in Mojokerto City; however, it is increasingly subjected to anthropogenic pressures. This study aims to analyze the water quality and pollution status of the Brangkal River and to formulate water pollution control strategies using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Water quality analysis was conducted based on laboratory measurements carried out in March and July 2025.

The results indicate that the Brangkal River is generally classified as lightly polluted, with Pollution Index values ranging from 1.62 to 3.81 during the period 2021–2024. Laboratory test results from water samples collected in July 2025 showed poorer conditions compared to those obtained in March 2025. At one monitoring point in July 2025, the river reached a moderately polluted status. Of the eight parameters analyzed, those exceeding the water quality standards included Total Suspended Solids (TSS), recorded at 76 mg/L at the upstream point and 69.1 mg/L at the midstream point; Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), at 4.3 mg/L upstream and 3.44 mg/L midstream; Dissolved Oxygen (DO), at 5.7 mg/L upstream, 5.5 mg/L midstream, and 5.6 mg/L downstream; and fecal coliform levels at all three points (upstream, midstream, and downstream), ranging from 9,200 to 16,000 MPN/100 L. All of these parameters consistently exceeded the established standard limits.

These conditions indicate significant organic and nutrient pollution, primarily associated with untreated domestic wastewater and surface runoff. The AHP analysis of the Brangkal River restoration strategy to support sustainable management highlights the need for an integrated approach encompassing ecological, social, technical, and institutional aspects.

The resulting strategic priorities indicate that river water quality monitoring is the primary alternative for pollution control efforts, followed by improving community behavior toward the river, protecting biodiversity, increasing public participation, and strengthening environmental supervision and law enforcement.

These strategies emphasize that the success of Brangkal River restoration is highly dependent on synergy among government, communities, and relevant stakeholders in implementing integrated and sustainable river management programs.

In Silico and In Vivo Analysis of the Therapeutic Potential of Zingiber americanus Water Extract

Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Zingiber americanus (Lempuyang Emprit) is a Zingiberaceae plant rich in flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and essential oils, traditionally used for digestive disorders, inflammation, and pain. Analgesics are agents that relieve pain, and the phytochemical profile of this plant suggests it may serve as a promising natural source. For the in-silico study, the principal bioactive constituents of Zingiber americanus identified through LC-HRMS analysis were selected, and their three-dimensional structures were constructed and subjected to energy minimization. The inflammation-associated target protein (PDB ID: 1RWK) was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank, pre-processed by removing native ligands and water molecules, and supplemented with hydrogen atoms to optimize structural stability. Molecular docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock Vina to predict the binding affinities and identify key interacting residues. In addition, pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of the compounds were evaluated using SwissADME to assess their potential suitability as orally active therapeutic agents. The study used male rats divided into five groups: negative control, positive control with meloxicam (50 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups receiving Zingiber littorale water extract at different concentrations. Analgesic activity was tested using the writhing reflex method, where rats were injected intraperitoneally with acetic acid glacial (1% 5 mL/kg BW) and the number of abdominal constrictions was observed for 30 minutes. The percentage inhibition of writhing was calculated relative to the negative control, and statistical was analysed.

The molecular docking results showed that the compounds alpinetin and (+)-pinocembrin have the highest affinity for the target receptor with a binding energy of −4.6 kcal/mol, stronger than the natural ligand (−3.9 kcal/mol), through interactions with amino acid residues. Zingiber americanus water extract at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW reduced writhing responses in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The 300 mg/kg BW dose showed the strongest analgesic effect, although it was still lower than meloxicam 50 mg/kg BW.